Control valve with flow control



y 22, 1952 H. KIRKHAM 2,604,327

CONTROL VALVE WITH FLOW CONTROL Filed April 17, 1946 3 Sheets-Sheet l BALL KIRKHAM y 22, 1952 H. KIRKHAMI I 2,604,327

CONTROL VALVE WITH FLOW CONTROL Filed April 17, 1946 a Sheets-Sheet 2 8 as 121 as 70 46 6 -ea=- 9L 6 v 72 G "27 a4 9o July 22, 1952 KIRKHAM 2,604,327

1 ZioNTRoL VALVE WITH FLOW CONTROL Filed April 17, 1946 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented July 22, 1952 CONTROL VALVE WITH FLOW CONTROL Hall Kirkham, Cleveland, Ohio, assignor, by mesne assignments, to The New York Air Brake Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey Application April 17, 1946, Serial No. 662,839

This invention relates to control valves for hydraulic devices equipped with liquid flow control, and more particularly to such valves for handling the flow of liquid to and from the operating plungers of double acting rams associated with such devices as bulldozers, bull graders, scrapers, lifttrucks and-machines of alike nature.

Moreparticularly the invention is concerned with a control valve to be introduced between a double acting hoist or ram and a source of high pressure liquid for controlling the operation of the hoist orram, permitting it to be raised or lowered at any desired speed and independent of the load thereon and in which is incorporated an arrangement for fioat? operation.

An important object of the invention includes the provision of a control valve for hydraulic 'devices having associated therewith flow control valve means arranged to control the return of liquid from the low pressure side of the ram or hoist to the reservoir at a speed dependent on the rate of supply of high pressure liquid to the other side-of the hoist and wholly independent of load on the hoist which may tend to advance it more rapidly than the supply of high pressure fluid.

One of the important features of the invention comprises the arrangement of the flow control valve wherein its operation is transferred from one side of the hoist to the other automatically by manual operation of the main control valve plunger.

Another important feature of the invention comprises the unique arrangement of the flow control valve whereby the return of low pressure liquid from one side of the hoist or ram is definitelycontrolled by the pressure on the operating liquid on the other side of the ram.

Still another important .feature of the invention resides in the sectional arrangement of the whole valve housing assembly including the base or high pressure inlet section incorporating a check valve, the intermediate or control valve section and the cap section containing the flow control means and the system relief valve and providing for liquid discharge.

As a subsidiary to the last mentioned feature, the valve sections incorporate passages permitting a duplication of the control valve section interposed between the base andcap sections, the valve plunger of any one of which may be actuated when the others are in neutral position to obtain the full benefit of all the associated equipment.

For a more complete understanding of the inment of the invention, with the understanding that such changes and modifications maybe made L 17 Claims. (01. 277 -55) therein as fall within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spiritor the invention.

In said drawings: Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the assembled valve; Fig. 2 is a vertical central section through the same on the axis of the plunger; v

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section throughthe cap or cover element taken on broken line 3-3 of Fig. 2 and illustrating both the system relief valve and the flow control valve; 7

Fig. 4 is a horizontal semi-section taken on line 4-- 4 of Fig. 2, note being made that the valve housing is symmetrical about the central line}.

.Fig. 5 is a horizontal section on line 55 of the baseportion of the valve'illustratingthe high pressure inlet and check valve; and 1 I Fig. 6 is a fragmentary horizontal section on line 66 Of Fig; 1; v

In the operation of various types of equipment by means of hydraulic hoists or rams of the double acting variety,-difficulty is sometimesexperienced by the load taking control of the rate of movement thereof and causing the ram piston to advance more rapidly than high pressurefluid is supplied thereto, it being remembered that the fluid can either be throttled to limit the desired rate of movement or is obtained from a pump of limited capacity. In the operation of earth moving equipment such as bulldozers, bull graders, scrapers and the like, extremely smooth lowering of the blade is desired to obtain the fine results of which these machines are capable. Such lowering requires positive control of the flow of low pressure liquid from the side of the piston of the ramopposite to that to which the high pressure liquid is delivered, so that the condition noted above cannot exist.- The present invention contemplates a unique arrangement of the manually manipulatable control valve and the flow control valve;

Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to Figs. 1, 2 and 5, it will be noted that the valve housing comprise three main parts, including lower or base section B, which is conveniently equipped with extending flanges Ill, perforated as shown at I I in Fig. 5 for mounting the valve housing on any convenient support. As also seen in both Figs. 1 and 5, the lower section provides threaded inlet passages I2, [2 so that liquid from the pump may .be delivered to either of these as is most convenient, a plug such as shown in the passage [2" in Fig.5 closing the unused one. The central or control valvesection C contains ports and passages for cooperation with the cap and bottom sections and with the valve plunger P. It also contains, as seen in Fig. 4, threaded passages 14 and I5, respectively, open through "passage the side for conducting liquid to and from the two ends ofv the hoist or ram. Since the section shown in Fig. 4 is symmetrical about the center line these passages l4 and I5 are duplicated on the other side, for the reasons pointed out in connection with the bottom section, and the ones not desired to be used can be appropriately plugged.

The top or cap section D includes through its upper surface the low pressure fluid delivery passage I8 from which a pipe connects to a suitable reservoir or tank for the reserve liquid. This section also houses, as seen in Fig. 3, the system relief valve and the flow control valve 2| appropriately connected by passages to the center section.

sho'wnin Fig.2, the several sections of the valv e'housiln'g meet along plane surfaces 24 and 25, each intersected by the desired passages and ports. Leakage is prevented by means of a gasket surrounding all passages or portsorby means of composition rings, set in appropriate grooves such as are shown at 26 in Fig-'2. It "will be understood that each of the grooves or channels 26 is a continuous closed passage around its corresponding por t. The rings may beof the'swellant variety, which expand upon contact with the liquid to thereby effect a seal,

the non-swellant variety, which sealby deformation or they 'may be of a combination variety, which combines the virtues of the other two. The sealing ring means of preventing leakage is considered superior to the gasket means; The several section's-of the valve housing are appropriately secured together by through bolts, as shown at 21 in Fig. 1.

In Fig. 5, bottom section B is shown as provided with a high pressure liquid chamber 28,

to which liquid is delivered from the constantly "opera ng pump of the positive displacement type three 11 one'of the passages I2, l2. A cored "29 leads from the chamber 28 to the check valve 30, comprising a hollow plunger 3! se ung on the lip 32 of-bore 33 extending from passage 29. This plunger is seated by means of the housed spring 34 abutting and positioned by screw cap 35. Oil under pressure is able to lift the plunger and to flow into passage 36 parallel to passage 29 and leading to vertical ducts 31 and -38, also seen in Fig. 2. This latter figure also shows a vertical duct 39 leading from chamber 28. Each of the ducts 31, 38 and 39, extends through the top wall of the bottom section and connects to a corresponding duct 31', 38' and 39, respectively, in the center section.

This center section is longitudinally bored as 'at 40 throughout its length to provide a close working fit for the manually operable cylindrical plunger P, shown in this figure in its center or neutral position. The bore 40 is variously intersected by channels, passages and ports under thecontrol of the valve plunger, which is ,equipped with sections of reduced diameter, or grooves, as shown, permitting fluid flow, when thc'y are appropriately positioned between selected onesof the passages, channels and ports, "aswill later appear. The end portions of the plunger extend out through the walls of the housing and are maintained fluid tight by appropriate seals 42 held in position by cover plates. which lead to the low pressure discharge passage 1:8, as shown, to insure that the seals will never be required to prevent leakage of high pressure fluid which may seep by the controlling diameters of the valve plunger.

These seals are vented by passages 43 Passage 39 in the center section is continued in an offset passage 45 which intersects the plunger bore. Closely adjacent it is the passage 46 connected to low pressure exhaust chamber I8 by an extension 46. The groove 48 in the valve plunger insures flow from 28 to 39 to 39 to 45 to 46 to 46' to I8 and back to the tank. This arrangement insures that the pump works against substantially zero pressure when the valve plunger is in the neutral position and no work is being done by the system. When the plunger is moved toward the left, flow is stopped between 45 and 46 by the end section 50 of the plunger and when it is moved to the right, by the narrow land 5 I.

When the plunger is in the neutral position shown, relief of the high pressure liquid as just described permits the check valve 30 to remain closed, but if the plunger is moved in either direction to close off the flow between 45 and 46 a simultaneous connecting of one or the other of the ram ports l4 and I5 with the high pressure liquid is effected as follows: These ram ports have connected passages of correspondingnumbers primed which intersect the plunger bore as seen at I4 and I5 in Fig. 2 and which are normally closed by the lands 53 and '54 of the plunger when in neutral position. If this plunger is moved toward the left, passage 38' is connected by groove 55 with passage I4, the check valve is opened and high pressure fluid flows to one side of the ram. At the same time land 54 uncovers passage I5 and groove 56 in the plunger connects I5 to passage '60 which leads to passage 6| in the upper section of the valve. This passage extends up and around the hollow section 62 of the flow control valve, and when this valve is lifted liquid flows from BI into cross passage 64 which connects with 46 and the low pressure chamber I8, as clearly seen in Fig. 3. The operation just described re-.

sults in movement of the ram in one direction under the action of high pressure liquid and causes the return of liquid from the opposite side of its piston back to the tank under the control of valve 2 I.

Movement of the plunger P to the right reverses the operation of the ram as follows: High pressure liquid flows through the check valve 30 into passages 31 and 31, through groove 66 in the plunger to the passage I5 and direct to the other side of the ram. Low pressure fluid from the opposite face of the ram piston enters the valve at I4, flows into I4, and by means of groove 56 in the plunger enters 60 and 6| and eventually finds its way in the cross passage 64 and back to low pressure I8 as already described. The check valve provides a safety means to hold the ram in whatever position it may be and in spite of whatever load may be on it in the event of failure of the pump or the pipe line between the pump and the valve.

It will be noted that the high pressure chamber 38 is connected to passage 38 which intersects the plunger bore and this passage continues, having eventual connection to chamber 68 in the cover section of the valve, which has a vertical extension 68', seen in Figs. 2 and 3. This is connected to bore II! of the system relief valve. This bore is provided with a pressed-in seat II against which the plunger 20 is held by helical spring I2 under the control of adjustable follower I3 positioned by means of screw threaded rod I4 in the cap 15. If for any reason pump pressure becomes too great, such as by failure the rate at which low pressure fluid returns from the idling side of the ram plunger to the reservoir by way ofpassages 5i! and BI is shown in Fig. 3. The valve plunger operates in a bore T! extending through the cap section of the housing transverse to cross passage 64 and intersecting the same. The valve is of the spool type, having the solid end it, the intermediateneck section the upper section 52 hollowed out to receive the light helical spring 79 abutting against the closure cap at and tending to press the valve with its end it against the adjustable stop 8| threaded into the cap 82 in the opposite end of the bore. This cap is bored with a larger diameter than a? to permit liquid to flow from chamber i i to the under face of the portion ?8 to move the valve against the spring. As the valve plunger 2| is moved against the spring more and more flow is permittecl'from 6| into 64. The cylindrical portion 62 ofthe plunger,

which normally closes the passage 6|,..extends down to 85 but is equipped with tapered slots 86 which are so arranged that complete closure between Bi and 54 can never be effected. The tapering arrangement of these grooves insures increased flow as the valve moves against the spring.

The chamber receiving spring i9, is extended in a small bore 88 connected by a drilled hole 89 to the outside of the narrow portion of the valve plunger to insure discharge of any oil which may seep into the spring chamberand also .to impart a dash pot action, to prevent fluttering or rapid fluctuations in the movement of the valve plunger in a manner well recognized.

The passage 8% sur ounding the head 78 of the valve plunger Si is connected by extension iii and passage 9i with 58, which, it will be remembered, is always open by devious passages to the high pressure chamber 23. Since the pump for the system using the present valve is of a limited capacity, it will be appreciated that if because of a load on the ram tending to move it in the direction it is already being urged by fluid delivered to one side oi its piston, there is a tendency for the piston to move more rapidly than fluid is provided behind it, then the pressure on the liquid being delivered bythe pump will immediately fall. Advantage is taken of this in the operation of the flow control valve, for when pump pressure is reduced in passage 84 the spring it closes the flow control valve plunger against its stop 8| and fluid flow from the low pressure side of the ram piston is throttled between iii and 64, stopping the unwarranted increase in speed of the ram from the load thereon.

As soon as the pump catches up, pressure increases, fluid is delivered into 84 and the valve is opened to the desired degree to permit the ram to operate in its normal manner. To insure against rapid changes in pressure in 8d the connection between extension 98 and passage 9| best shown in Fig. 6, is by way of a restricted bore 93 controlled by an adjustable needle valve 94, as shown;

The needle valve 94 is in the nature of a metertiple use of plunger sections.

ing p'in which makes it possible to control accurately the rate of flow of'fluid from the low pressure side of a double acting ram to prevent the piston from getting ahead of the fluid on the other side. Such controlled action makes it possible to have any desired lowering speeds on such machines. The position of the set screw 8| governs the amount of initial opening between passages 6| and t4 and also governs the amount of travel of the flow control valve necessary to bring the main recess in this valve into play to fully open the passage from 6| to 64.

In addition to the neutral and two power positions of the plunger P, it may be pulled out an extreme distance to the right to provide what is known as a float position. This movement carries land 5! into passage 46 so that high pressure fluid flows freely from 28 into "3 and the pump is unloaded. Groove 66 now connects ram port Hi to passage 69, which is also connected to ram port It by groove. 56. This provides for communication between the liquid on the two sides of the piston of the ram, permitting the blade, for instance, of a bulldozer to assume any position caused by the work. The displacement of the two ends of the ram cylinder are diiferent because of the presence of the piston rod at one end, so that when moving in one direction an excess of oil must be discharged and when moving in the otherdirecti'on oil must be added to the circuit. This is simply effectedin the valve shown, since the passage 69 to which both ends of the ram cylinder are now connected is'always uninterrupted in communication with low pressure cross passage 54 because the valve 2| is never permitted to fully close communication between 6| and Etbecauseof the grooves 86. In this way oil from the reservoir can be delivered' to the ram circuit or can be discharged from the latter to the reservoir to provide for the floating action. If for any reason the float position of the valve is not required, then the construction of valve 25 is modified by the omission of the grooves 86, which allow constant communication between 6| and 64 and thus prevent destructive load imposed pressures occurring in passages 66 and El. These pressures can only occur when plunger P is in the float position since this is the only operating position of said plunger which does not allow for pump induced' high pressure fluid acting on end 18 of plunger 2| to thus move it against spring 19 to bring passages 6| and 64 into communication via the central groove of plunger 2|. It is thus evident that elimination of the float condition automatically removes any need for grooves 86 and thus allows for simplification of plunger 2|.

Because of the peculiar arrangement of the passages and ports in the intermediate section of the valve housing, more than one such section can be arranged between the bottom and cover sections, permitting control of several double acting rams.- In order to insure proper operation with multiple plunger sections it will be noted that passage 31' as well as passage 38' extends vertically entirely through the central housing section and is closed off at 96 by a blank section of the cap or cover. The passage 60 is also carried through to be closed off by the bottom section, as shown at B9. Theseextensions provide through passages in the event of a mul- Where several of these sections are in use the ones above and/0r below the one" actually in operation, act merely as elongations oi the passages or ducts between the various oil channels in adjoining sections.

I claim:

1. In a valve of the type described, in combination, a. housing having a single inlet for high pressure liquid and two ducts connected thereto, a check valve between the inlet and the ducts, a low pressure duct between said two ducts, a bore intersecting all said ducts, a valve plunger in said bore having lands and grooves, a power port extension intersecting said bore between each inlet duct and the low pressure duct, said grooves and lands being arranged to selectively connect either port extension to a high pressure duct and the other port extension to the low pressure duct, a second bore in said housing, a low pressure discharge passage and said low pressure duct intersecting said second bore, a

flow control valve plunger in the second bore having lands anda groove to regulate the rate of fiow from duct to passage, means biasing said flow control plunger towards closing of said flow and means subject to pressure in said inlet arranged to oppose said bias.

2. The valve as defined in claim 1 in which a tapered slot is arranged in one of said last mentioned lands to prevent complete closing of said fiow control valve plunger.

3. The valve as defined in claim 1 in which a leakagegroove is provided 'whereby said flow control plunger is prevented from completely closing off flow between duct and passage.

4. The valve as defined in claim 1 in which the flow control plunger incorporates dash-pot means to limit'its rate of movement.

5. In a valve construction of the type described, in combination, a housing having a single inlet chamber for high pressure liquid and two ducts connected thereto, a, low pressure duct extending between the first two ducts, a bore in said housing intersecting all said ducts, a valve plunger slidable in said bore, a power port ex- .tension intersecting said bore between each inlet duct and the low pressure duct, said valve plunger having alternate lands and grooves arranged to isolate said extensions when in a central position and to selectively connect one extension to one high pressure duct and the other to the low pressure duct when the plunger is in either of its power positions on opposite sides of central, a second bore in said housing, a low pressure discharge passage and said low pressure duct intersecting said second bore, a flow control valve plunger reciprocable in said second .bore and arranged to substantially close off flow between said passage and duct when in a first position and to progressively increase the flow area as moved toward a second position, resilient means biasing the flow control plunger toward said first osition, and means responsive to pressure in said inlet chamber arranged to urge the plunger toward the second position.

6. In a valve construction of the type described, in combination, a housing having an inlet chamber for high pressure liquid and two ducts connected thereto, a low pressure duct extending between the first two ducts, a bore in said housing intersecting all said ducts, a valve plunger slidable in said bore, a power port extension intersecting said bore between each inlet duct and the low pressure duct, said valve plunger having alternate lands and grooves arranged to isolate said extensions when in a central position, to selectively connect one extension to one .high pressure duct and the other to the low pressure duct when the plunger is in either of its power positions on opposite sides of central and to connect both ports to said low pressure duct when in a float position, a second bore in said housing, a low pressure discharge passage and) said low pressure duct intersecting said second bore, a flow control valve plunger reciprocable in said second bore and arranged to substantially close off flow between said passage and duct when in a first position and to progressively increase the flow area as moved toward a second position, resilient means biasing the flow control plunger toward said first position, and means responsive to pressure in said inlet chamber arranged to urge the plunger toward the second position.

. 7. In a valve construction of the type described, in combination, a housing having an inlet chamber for high pressure liquid and two ducts connected thereto, a low pressure duct extending between the first two ducts, a bore in said housing intersecting all said ducts, a valve plunger slidable in said bore, a power port extension intersecting said bore between each inlet duct and the low pressure duct, said valve plunger having alternate lands and grooves arranged to isolate said extensions when in a central position and to selectively connect one extension to one high pressure duct and the other to the low pressure duct when the plunger is in either of its power positions on opposite sides of central, a second bore in said housing, a low pressure discharge passage and said low pressure duct intersecting said second bore, a flow control valve plunger reciprocable in said second bore and arranged to substantially close off flow between said passage and duct when in a first position and to progressively increase the flow area as moved toward a second position, resilient means biasing the flow control plunger toward said first position, a passage from the inlet chamber opening into one end of the second bore to apply a pressure to the control valve plunger to move it against said bias and a restriction in said last mentioned passage to limit the rate of movement of the plunger toward open position.

8. The valve as defined in claim 7 in which the said flow control valve plunger is constructed and arranged to provide a dash-pot action to restrict its rate of movement in either direction.

9. The valve'as defined in claim 8 in which the flow control valve plunger always provides for minimum flow between the low pressure discharge passage and the low pressure duct.

10. The valve as defined in claim 6 in which means is provided to prevent full closing of the flow control valve to provide balancing liquid at low pressure when the control valve is in float position.

11. In a valve of the type described, in combination, a sectional housing consisting of a base section, at least one intermediate section and a cap section, said sections being joined along parallel planes; said base section having an inlet passage for high pressure liquid, two ducts connected to said passage and leading through the surface engaging an intermediate section and a check valve between said passage and ducts arranged to open into the two ducts when higher pressure exists in the inlet passage and to close pressure duct; said base closing the lower end of the low pressure duct in the lowermost inter" mediate section; said cap section closing one of the high pressure ducts in the uppermost inter mediate section and having a passage connected to the other high pressure duct, a low pressure liquid outlet, an extension of the said low pressure duct connected to said outlet and a system relief valve operatively arranged between said passage and duct; each intermediate section bore having a valve plunger movable therein and fitted with lands and grooves arranged to selectively connect either power port extension to a high pressure duct extension and the other to the low pressure duct or to close 011 both power port extensions.

12. In a valve of the type described, in combination, a sectional housing consisting of a base section, an intermediate section a cap section, said sections being joined along parallel planes; said base section having an inlet passage for high pressure liquid and two ducts connected to said passage and leading through the surface engaging the intermediate section and a check valve between said passage and ducts arranged to open into the two ducts when higher pressure exists in the inlet passage and to close on a reverse condition; said intermediate section having extensions of said ducts, one passing therethrough, a through low pressure duct between said extensions, a bore intersecting all said ducts, a separate power port extension intersecting said bore between each duct extension and the low pressure duct; said base closing the lower end of the low pressure duct in the intermediate section; said cap section having a passage connected to the through high pressure duct, a low pressure liquid outlet chamber, an extension of the said low pressure duct, a bore intersected at spaced positions by said extension and chamber; said intermediate section bore having a valve plunger movable therein and fitted with lands and grooves arranged to selectively connect either power port extension to a high pressure duct extension and the other to the low pressure duct or to close off both power port extensions; and a flow control plunger in said last mentioned bore having lands and a groove to regulate the flow from the low pressure duct extension to the chamber.

13. The valve construction of claim 12 in which the flow control plunger is biased toward flow shut-off, and means subjecting the flow control plunger to the pressure in the high pressure passage to move it against said bias.

14. In a valve of the type described, in combination, a sectional housing consisting of a base section, at least one intermediate section and a cap section, said sections being joined along parallel planes; said base section having an inlet passage for high pressure liquid and two ducts connected to said passage and leading through the surface engaging an intermediate section and a check valve between said passage and ducts arranged to open into the two ducts when higher pressure exists in the inlet passage and to close on a reverse condition; each intermediate section having through extensions of said ducts, a through low pressure duct between said extensions, a bore intersecting all said ducts, a separate power port extension intersecting said bore between each duct extension and the low pressure duct; said base closing the lower end of the low pressure duct in the lowermost intermediate section; said cap section closing the high pressure ducts in the uppermost intermediate section, a low pressure liquid outlet chamber and an extension of the said low pressure duct; each intermediate section bore having a valve plunger movable therein and fitted with lands and grooves arranged to selectively connect either power port extension to a high pressure duct extension and the other to the low pressure duct, to close ofi both power port extensions or in a float position to connect the power port extensions to each other and to the low pressure duct, said cap having conduit means connecting said low pressure duct extension to the outlet chamber, and a valve for said conduit having means to hold it slightly open under all conditions to provide liquid for said float operation.

15. In a valve of the type described, in combination, a sectional housing consisting of a base section, an intermediate section and a cap section, said sections being joined along parallel planes; said base section having an inlet passage for high pressure liquid and two ducts connected to said passage and leading through the surface engaging the intermediate section and a check valve between said passage and ducts arranged to open into the two ducts when higher pressure exists in the inlet passage and to close on a reverse condition; said intermediate section having through extensions of said ducts, a through low pressure duct between said extensions, a bore intersecting all said ducts, a separate power port extension intersecting said bore between each duct extension and the low pressure duct; said base closing the lower end of the low pressure duct in the intermediate section; said cap section closing one of the high pressure ducts in the intermediate section and having a passage comiected to the other duct. a low pressure liquid outlet chamber, an extension of the said low pressure duct, a bore intersected at spaced positions by said extension and chamber; said intermediate section bore having a valve plunger movable therein and fitted with lands and grooves arranged to selectively connect either power port extension to a high pressure duct extension and the other to the low pressure duct or to close off both power port extensions, a flow control plunger in said cap section bore having a land for closing the low pressure duct extension and an adjacent groove open to said chamber, means biasing said plunger toward closing position, a piston on said plunger opposing said bias and a connection between the piston end of said cap section bore and the high pressure passage in said cap section.

16. The valve as defined in claim 15 in which the last mentioned connection is provided with an adjustable restriction.

17. The valve as defined in claim 15 in which the control plunger bore is closed opposite the piston end, and a restricted passage from said closed end beyond the plunger to the low pressure duct extension to provide the plunger with dash pot action.

HALL KIRKHAM.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 433,028 Phillips July 29, 1890 1,982,711 Vickers Dec. 4, 1934 2,025,479 Spear Dec. 24, 1935 2,083,774 Campbell June 15, 1937 2,289,567 Bergund July 14, 1942 

